Apache2 Notes

General

• Ubuntu Documentation - Server Guide - Apache2

Files

/etc/apache2	Config File
/usr/share/doc/apache2-doc	Apache2 Manual.
/var/www/html	Default http home directory.

Commands

apache2 -v	Display apache version.
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart	Restart apache. This needs to be done after configuration changes.
apache2ctl configtest	Tests syntax of apache2 config files.
sudo a2enmod [MODULE NAME]	Enable apache2 module. Modules must be in directory mods-available.
sudo a2dismod [MODULE NAME]	Disable apache2 module.
sudo a2ensite [SITE NAME]	Enable apache2 module.
sudo a2enconf [CONF NAME]	Enable apache2 module.

Configuration File Settings

ServerSignature Off	Suppress identification of the Apache version.
ServerTokens Prod	Suppress identification of OS.
<Directory /var/www/html>     Options -Indexes </Directory>	Turn off directory listing.

Configuration File - Directory DIrectives

Options None
Order deny, allow	Order of deny, allow directives.
Deny from all.	Deny request from everybody.
Options -FollowSymLinks	Disable following symbolic links.
Options +FollowSymLinks	Enable following symbolic links.
AllowOverride All	Allows override of directory directives with .htaccess files.
Options -Includes	Turn off server side includes (mod_includes).
Options -ExecCGI	Turn off CGI file executions.
LimitRequestBody 512000	Limits size of HTTP request. Any value from 0 to 2147483647 (2GB).
MaxClients 10	Limits simultaneous connections. Default is 256.

Sample Virtual Host

<VirtualHost *:80>
   DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com/
   ServerName www.example.com
   DirectoryIndex index.htm index.html index.php
   ServerAlias example.com
   ErrorDocument 404 /story.php
   ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example.com_error_log
   CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example.com_access_log combined
</VirtualHost>

SSL Certificate

Create a self signed certificate:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out example.com.key 1024
openssl req -new -key example.com.key -out exmaple.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in example.com.com.csr -signkey example.com.com.key -out example.com.com.crt
openssl rsa -in example.com.key -out example.com.nopass.key
sudo chmod 600 example.com.nopass.key

Sample Configuration:

<VirtualHost 170.16.25.100:443>
        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.key
        SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/sf_bundle.crt
        ServerAdmin ravi.saive@example.com
        ServerName example.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example/
        ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example.com-error_log
        CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

• OpenSSL Command Line HOW TO
• OpenSSL.org
• MacWorld - How to create a secure (HTTPS) OS X webserver
• Misconceptions about the security of Self-Signed Certificates
• More Security Tips

Redirect Http (port 80) to Https (port 443)

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:80>
	DocumentRoot  /var/www/html/example/
	ServerName www.example.com
	ServerAlias example.com
	Redirect permanent / https://example.com/
</VirtualHost>

Proxy

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:443>
	ServerName www.example.com
	
	SSLEngine On
	SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/example.com.crt
	SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/example.com.nopass.key

	SSLProxyEngine On
	ProxyPreserveHost On
	ProxyRequests Off
	
        <Proxy *>
            Order deny,allow
            Allow from all
        </Proxy>
    
        ProxyErrorOverride On                       
        ProxyPass / https://192.168.1.13/
        ProxyPassReverse / https://192.168.1.13/
    
       <Location />
    	    Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
       </Location>
</VirtualHost>

• Redirecting To Other Internal Servers Based on Subdomain